El “lugar” de los melancólicos : la poética de lo inasible e inefable en La última niebla (1934), de María Luisa Bombal; Coronación (1959), de José Donoso, y Los vigilantes (1994), de Diamela Eltit
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García Álvarez, Luz R.
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En este trabajo se abordan tres novelas chilenas del siglo XX, La última niebla (1935), de María Luisa Bombal; Coronación (1958), de José Donoso; y Los vigilantes (1994), de Diamela Eltit para elaborar un estudio comparativo de sus personajes principales y de las atmósferas que los rodean, con el propósito de mostrar algunas correspondencias entre sus elementos y las posibles funciones que cumplen. Partiendo de la filosofía sobre la melancolía que acuña Giorgio Agamben, examinamos a los personajes principales de estas tres novelas como sujetos que exhiben las características del melancólico. Planteamos, además, la presencia continua de significantes que aluden a lo oculto, oscuro, lejano, decadente, frío, inmóvil, inefable e inasible para representar o describir las emociones o percepciones de los personajes y los espacios en que se mueven. El examen de esos significantes, a la luz de los postulados de Jaques Lacan, sienta las bases para proponer que su concatenación, y las operaciones metafóricas y metonímicas que se propician entre estos, configuran las atmósferas de las tres historias. La coincidencia de esos significantes en las tres obras valida la existencia de una “poética de lo oculto, inefable e inasible” que construye discursivamente el lugar (topos) simbólico en el que se insertan estos sujetos melancólicos, en tanto aceptan que su objeto de deseo es, en esencia, inasible.
Tanto la inaccesibilidad y negación de su objeto de deseo, que revela el fantasma de los tres sujetos melancólicos, como el modo en que ello se representa en los textos, se analizan desde la función constructiva sinónima y autónoma que cumplen, siguiendo las ideas de Juri Tinianov al respecto de la evolución literaria. Más allá de plantear una tradición literaria entre esta trilogía de obras, se propone en esta investigación la configuración de una línea evolutiva que parte de la correspondencia de elementos equiparables entre obras de distintos momentos y contextos históricos.
This work addresses three Chilean novels from the 20th century, La última niebla (1935), by María Luisa Bombal; Coronación (1958), by José Donoso; and Los vigilantes (1994), by Diamela Eltit to develop a comparative study of its main characters and the atmospheres that surround them, in order to establish some correspondences between its elements and the possible functions they fulfill. Examining the philosophy of melancholy coined by Giorgio Agamben, we analyze the main characters of these three novels as subjects who exhibit the characteristics of melancholy. We also propose the presence of signifiers that allude to the hidden, dark, distant, decadent, cold, immobile, ineffable, and ungraspable to represent or describe the emotions or perceptions of the characters and the spaces in which they move. The study of these signifiers, in the light of Jaques Lacan's postulates, lays the foundations to propose that their concatenation, and the metaphorical and metonymic operations that occur between them, configure the atmospheres of the three stories. The coincidence of these signifiers in these texts validates the existence of a “poetics of the hidden, ineffable and ungraspable” that discursively constructs the symbolic place (topos) in which these melancholic subjects are inserted, as they accept that their object of desire is essentially ungraspable. Both the inaccessibility and denial of their object of desire, which reveals the ghost of the three melancholic subjects, and the way in which this is represented in the texts, are analyzed from the synonymous and autonomous constructive function that they fulfill, following the ideas of Juri Tinianov regarding literary evolution. Beyond proposing a literary tradition among this trilogy of novels, this research proposes the configuration of an evolutionary line that starts from the correspondence of comparable elements between narrative texts from different moments and historical contexts.
This work addresses three Chilean novels from the 20th century, La última niebla (1935), by María Luisa Bombal; Coronación (1958), by José Donoso; and Los vigilantes (1994), by Diamela Eltit to develop a comparative study of its main characters and the atmospheres that surround them, in order to establish some correspondences between its elements and the possible functions they fulfill. Examining the philosophy of melancholy coined by Giorgio Agamben, we analyze the main characters of these three novels as subjects who exhibit the characteristics of melancholy. We also propose the presence of signifiers that allude to the hidden, dark, distant, decadent, cold, immobile, ineffable, and ungraspable to represent or describe the emotions or perceptions of the characters and the spaces in which they move. The study of these signifiers, in the light of Jaques Lacan's postulates, lays the foundations to propose that their concatenation, and the metaphorical and metonymic operations that occur between them, configure the atmospheres of the three stories. The coincidence of these signifiers in these texts validates the existence of a “poetics of the hidden, ineffable and ungraspable” that discursively constructs the symbolic place (topos) in which these melancholic subjects are inserted, as they accept that their object of desire is essentially ungraspable. Both the inaccessibility and denial of their object of desire, which reveals the ghost of the three melancholic subjects, and the way in which this is represented in the texts, are analyzed from the synonymous and autonomous constructive function that they fulfill, following the ideas of Juri Tinianov regarding literary evolution. Beyond proposing a literary tradition among this trilogy of novels, this research proposes the configuration of an evolutionary line that starts from the correspondence of comparable elements between narrative texts from different moments and historical contexts.
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©2023, Luz Rebeca García Álvarez
