Análisis sobre la Ley de la Autoridad de Transporte Integrado de Puerto Rico y su impacto en las experiencias de formación universitaria de estudiantes en zonas rurales: propuestas desde el trabajo social para la promoción de acceso y derecho a la educación
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Pérez Rodríguez, Yessenia
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El trabajo social en Puerto Rico se fundamenta en la promoción de la equidad y la defensa de los derechos humanos. En este contexto, de acuerdo con la Ley 123 de 3 de agosto de 2014, según enmendada, la falta de acceso a un sistema de transporte público adecuado, especialmente en zonas rurales, aumenta la dependencia del automóvil privado. Esta situación afecta particularmente a estudiantes universitarios de estas zonas, quienes enfrentan barreras significativas de acceso a la educación presencial debido a las limitaciones del sistema de transporte en Puerto Rico. Esta investigación analiza como estos obstáculos impactan sus experiencias de formación universitaria y su derecho a la educación.
Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: (1) Analizar la Ley 123 de 3 de agosto de 2014 desde el trabajo social, para identificar su impacto en el acceso al transporte público y a la educación universitaria en zonas rurales de Puerto Rico; (2) Describir las experiencias académicas y personales de estudiantes que viven en zonas rurales respecto al acceso al transporte y su influencia en su educación universitaria; y (3) Proponer lineamientos de políticas sociales para mejorar dicho acceso. Las preguntas abordaron: (1) el impacto de la Ley 123-2014 en el acceso al transporte y la educación; (2) las experiencias del estudiantado en zonas rurales; y (3) recomendaciones de personas expertas en transportación y trabajo social, así como lineamientos de políticas públicas.
Esta investigación de enfoque cualitativo y exploratorio tiene un diseño de estudio de caso situacional (Irizarry & Berrios, 2009). La información recopilada incluyó el análisis de la Ley 123 de 2014, la revisión de documentos secundarios, y diez (10) entrevistas semi-estructuradas. La selección de participantes fue homogénea y por conveniencia, Incluyó seis (6) estudiantes universitarios matriculados en una universidad pública o privada de Puerto Rico, mayores de 18 años y residentes de zonas rurales; dos (2) personas expertas en transportación y dos (2) profesionales de trabajo social con experiencia en educación subgraduada. Para el estudio se integró un análisis temático inductivo (Percy et al., 2015), aplicando principios éticos desde el trabajo social y las normativas del CIPSHI de la UPRRP.
Los hallazgos revelan que la Ley 123 de 2014 según enmendada, representa un esfuerzo de integración en el sistema de transporte público; no obstante, persisten limitaciones para atender equitativamente las realidades de estudiantes universitarios en zonas rurales en Puerto Rico. Cónsono con el marco teórico, las experiencias reflejan desigualdades territoriales, obstáculos estructurales y altos costos que inciden directamente en el acceso, la permanencia y el bienestar académico.
Desde el trabajo social las recomendaciones se orientan a fortalecer la coordinación interagencial mediante enmiendas a la Ley 123 de 2014, desarrollar políticas de transportación que incorporen a estudiantes universitarios en zonas rurales y se fundamenten en los derechos humanos y la justicia social, e impulsar alianzas entre el Estado, los municipios y las universidades. En síntesis, el estudio destaca la transportación pública como un componente esencial del derecho a la educación, la equidad territorial y el desarrollo humano sostenible en Puerto Rico.
Social Work in Puerto Rico is grounded in the promotion of equity and the protection of human rights. Within this context, and according to Act 123 of August 3, 2014, as amended, limited access to an adequate public transportation system particularly in rural areas contributes to increased reliance on private automobiles. This situation disproportionately affects university students from these regions, who face significant barriers to accessing in-person higher education due to limitations within Puerto Rico’s transportation system. This study examines how these obstacles impact their university educational experiences and their right to education. The objectives of this study were: (1) to analyze Act 123 of 2014 from a Social Work perspective in order to identify its impact on access to public transportation and higher education in rural areas of Puerto Rico; (2) to describe the academic and personal experiences of students living in rural areas regarding transportation access and its influence on their higher education; and (3) to propose social policy guidelines to improve such access. The research questions addressed: (1) the impact of Act 123 of 2014 on access to transportation and education; (2) the experiences of students in rural areas; and (3) recommendations from experts in transportation and Social Work, as well as public policy guidelines. This qualitative and exploratory study follows a situational case study design (Irizarry & Berrios, 2009). Data collection included analysis of Act 123 of 2014, a review of secondary documents, and ten (10) semi-structured interviews. Participant selection was homogeneous and based on convenience sampling, including six (6) university students enrolled in a public or private university in Puerto Rico, over 18 years of age and residing in rural areas; two (2) transportation experts; and two (2) Social Work professionals with experience in undergraduate education. An inductive thematic analysis (Percy et al., 2015) was conducted, applying ethical principles from Social Work and the regulations of the CIPSHI at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus. Findings reveal that Act 123 of 2014, as amended, represents an effort to integrate the public transportation system; however, limitations persist in equitably addressing the realities of university students in rural areas of Puerto Rico. Consistent with the theoretical framework, participants experiences reflect territorial inequalities, structural barriers, and high costs that directly affect access, retention, and academic well-being. From a Social Work perspective, recommendations focus on strengthening interagency coordination through amendments to Act 123 of 2014; developing transportation policies that incorporate university students in rural areas and are grounded in human rights and social justice; and promoting partnerships among the state, municipalities, and universities. In summary, this study highlights public transportation as an essential component of the right to education, territorial equity, and sustainable human development in Puerto Rico.
Social Work in Puerto Rico is grounded in the promotion of equity and the protection of human rights. Within this context, and according to Act 123 of August 3, 2014, as amended, limited access to an adequate public transportation system particularly in rural areas contributes to increased reliance on private automobiles. This situation disproportionately affects university students from these regions, who face significant barriers to accessing in-person higher education due to limitations within Puerto Rico’s transportation system. This study examines how these obstacles impact their university educational experiences and their right to education. The objectives of this study were: (1) to analyze Act 123 of 2014 from a Social Work perspective in order to identify its impact on access to public transportation and higher education in rural areas of Puerto Rico; (2) to describe the academic and personal experiences of students living in rural areas regarding transportation access and its influence on their higher education; and (3) to propose social policy guidelines to improve such access. The research questions addressed: (1) the impact of Act 123 of 2014 on access to transportation and education; (2) the experiences of students in rural areas; and (3) recommendations from experts in transportation and Social Work, as well as public policy guidelines. This qualitative and exploratory study follows a situational case study design (Irizarry & Berrios, 2009). Data collection included analysis of Act 123 of 2014, a review of secondary documents, and ten (10) semi-structured interviews. Participant selection was homogeneous and based on convenience sampling, including six (6) university students enrolled in a public or private university in Puerto Rico, over 18 years of age and residing in rural areas; two (2) transportation experts; and two (2) Social Work professionals with experience in undergraduate education. An inductive thematic analysis (Percy et al., 2015) was conducted, applying ethical principles from Social Work and the regulations of the CIPSHI at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus. Findings reveal that Act 123 of 2014, as amended, represents an effort to integrate the public transportation system; however, limitations persist in equitably addressing the realities of university students in rural areas of Puerto Rico. Consistent with the theoretical framework, participants experiences reflect territorial inequalities, structural barriers, and high costs that directly affect access, retention, and academic well-being. From a Social Work perspective, recommendations focus on strengthening interagency coordination through amendments to Act 123 of 2014; developing transportation policies that incorporate university students in rural areas and are grounded in human rights and social justice; and promoting partnerships among the state, municipalities, and universities. In summary, this study highlights public transportation as an essential component of the right to education, territorial equity, and sustainable human development in Puerto Rico.
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