Cuestionando el sinhogarismo en Puerto Rico: Estigma, adherencia y acceso a los servicios de salud mental y/o uso problemático de sustancias de las personas sin hogar, perspectivas profesionales sobre legislaciones y percepción hacia la población sin hogar
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Chaparro Nieves, Paola N.
Corujo Santana, Thiana L.
Ortiz López, Nicole M.
Pérez Nieves, Gianna N.
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Esta investigación analiza cómo el estigma, el acceso a los servicios de salud mental, la
percepción profesional y el cumplimiento de políticas públicas afectan a las personas sin hogar
(PSH) en Puerto Rico. Reconoce que el sinhogarismo es una problemática compleja atravesada
por factores estructurales, sociales y económicos, y resalta cómo el estigma social e internalizado
limita la adherencia al tratamiento y refuerza la exclusión. El estudio utiliza una metodología
cuantitativa no experimental, con diseño transversal y enfoque exploratorio-descriptivo. Se
administraron dos cuestionarios: uno a PSH y otro a profesionales de servicios, evaluando cuatro
dimensiones principales: estigma y adherencia al tratamiento, accesibilidad a servicios,
cumplimiento de políticas públicas y percepciones profesionales. El análisis descriptivo permitió
identificar tendencias claves y áreas de mejora en la prestación de servicios. Entre los hallazgos
más relevantes, se destaca que el estigma actúa como barrera estructural, relacional y subjetiva
que interfiere con el tratamiento de salud mental y/o uso problemático de sustancias. También se
identificaron obstáculos económicos y administrativos que dificultan el acceso a servicios.
Aunque los y las profesionales valoran la existencia de marcos legales como la Ley Núm. 130
2007, muchos desconocen sus contenidos o perciben una desconexión entre la ley y la práctica.
A pesar de reconocer el estigma hacia las PSH, la mayoría no se identifica como parte del
problema. La investigación subraya la urgencia de adoptar un enfoque interseccional y de
derechos humanos para atender el sinhogarismo, transformando tanto las prácticas profesionales
como las estructuras institucionales que perpetúan la exclusión.
This research analyzes how stigma, access to mental health services, professional perceptions, and compliance with public policies affect people experiencing homelessness (PEH) in Puerto Rico. It recognizes that homelessness is a complex problem shaped by structural, social, and economic factors, and it highlights how social and internalized stigma limits treatment adherence and reinforces exclusion. The study uses a non-experimental quantitative methodology, with a cross-sectional design and an exploratory-descriptive approach. Two questionnaires were administered: one to PEH and the other to service professionals, assessing four main dimensions: stigma and treatment adherence, accessibility to services, compliance with public policies, and professional perceptions. The descriptive analysis allowed for the identification of key trends and areas for improvement in service provision. Among the most relevant findings, the investigation highlighted that stigma acts as a structural, relational, and subjective barrier that interferes with mental health and/or problematic substance use treatment. Economic and administrative obstacles that hinder access to services were also identified. Although professionals value the existence of legal frameworks such as Law No. 130 of 2007, many are unaware of its contents or perceive a disconnect between law and practice. Despite recognizing the stigma toward homeless people, most do not identify themselves as part of the problem. The research underscores the urgency of adopting an intersectional, human rights-based approach to addressing homelessness, transforming both professional practices and the institutional structures that perpetuate exclusion.
This research analyzes how stigma, access to mental health services, professional perceptions, and compliance with public policies affect people experiencing homelessness (PEH) in Puerto Rico. It recognizes that homelessness is a complex problem shaped by structural, social, and economic factors, and it highlights how social and internalized stigma limits treatment adherence and reinforces exclusion. The study uses a non-experimental quantitative methodology, with a cross-sectional design and an exploratory-descriptive approach. Two questionnaires were administered: one to PEH and the other to service professionals, assessing four main dimensions: stigma and treatment adherence, accessibility to services, compliance with public policies, and professional perceptions. The descriptive analysis allowed for the identification of key trends and areas for improvement in service provision. Among the most relevant findings, the investigation highlighted that stigma acts as a structural, relational, and subjective barrier that interferes with mental health and/or problematic substance use treatment. Economic and administrative obstacles that hinder access to services were also identified. Although professionals value the existence of legal frameworks such as Law No. 130 of 2007, many are unaware of its contents or perceive a disconnect between law and practice. Despite recognizing the stigma toward homeless people, most do not identify themselves as part of the problem. The research underscores the urgency of adopting an intersectional, human rights-based approach to addressing homelessness, transforming both professional practices and the institutional structures that perpetuate exclusion.
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