HIV-related stigma in Puerto Rico: A persistent barrier that limits rights and access

Abstract

Stigma related to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a significant barrier to the provision of health services, particularly in contexts where language perpetuates exclusion, judgment, and inequality. This article examines stigma as a social and structural phenomenon in Puerto Rico, analyzing its manifestation in everyday, clinical, and digital language, and its consequences on access to services, mental health, and human rights. Through a critical literature review and the analysis of educational strategies, proposals focused on the use of evidence-based, person-centered, and stigma-free language are explored. The role of public health education is highlighted as a key tool for transforming stigmatizing narratives, promoting equitable environments, and strengthening the HIV response from an ethical and human rights perspective. The article concludes with recommendations aimed at health professionals and institutional health settings.